Psychology Terms
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clinical psychologythe branch of psychology concerned with the treatment of abnormal mentation and behavior - cognitionthe psychological result of perception and reasoning
- cognitive psychologyan approach to psychology that emphasizes internal mental processes
- developmental psychologythe branch of psychology that studies the social and mental development of children
- experimental psychologythe branch of psychology that uses experimental methods to study psychological issues
- industrial psychologyany of several branches of psychology that seek to apply psychological principles to practical problems of education or industry or marketing etc.
- phobiaan anxiety disorder characterized by irrational fear
- psychologythe science of mental life
- social psychologythe branch of psychology that studies persons and their relationships with others and with groups and with society as a whole
- normal distributiona theoretical distribution with finite mean and variance
- correlation coefficienta statistic representing how closely two variables co-vary
- dependent variablea quantity whose value depends on another quantity
- double-blind studyan experimental procedure in which neither the subjects of the experiment nor the persons administering the experiment know the critical aspects of the experiment
- independent variablea value that does not depend on changes in other values
- informed consentconsent by a patient to undergo a medical or surgical treatment or to participate in an experiment after the patient understands the risks involved
- hypothesisa tentative insight that is not yet verified or tested
- meanan average computed by adding some function of the numbers
- placeboan innocuous or inert medication
- standard deviationthe square root of the variance
- theorya well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the world
- variablesomething that is likely to change
- altruismthe quality of unselfish concern for the welfare of others
- attractivenessthe quality of arousing interest
- catharsispurging of emotional tensions
- collectivisma theory that the people should own the means of production
- complementaritya relation between two opposite states or principles that together exhaust the possibilities
- conflictan open clash between two opposing groups
- conformitycorrespondence in form, type, or appearance
- credibilitythe quality of being believable or trustworthy
- crowdinga situation in which people or things are crowded together
- cultureall the knowledge and values shared by a society
- debriefinga meeting in which someone reports on a mission or task
- deceptiona misleading falsehood
- dependent variablea quantity whose value depends on another quantity
- displacementthe act of taking the position of another
- framinga framework that supports and protects a picture or a mirror
- frustrationan act of hindering someone's plans or efforts
- groupthinkdecision making by a group
- heuristica commonsense rule to help solve some problem
- hypothesisa tentative insight that is not yet verified or tested
- independent variablea value that does not depend on changes in other values
- individualismthe quality of being a single thing or person
- informed consentconsent by a patient to undergo a medical or surgical treatment or to participate in an experiment after the patient understands the risks involved
- obediencethe trait of being willing to obey
- persuasioncommunication intended to induce belief or action
- primingthe act of making something ready
- proximitythe property of being close together
- random samplingthe selection of a random sample
- regression toward the meanthe relation between selected values of x and observed values of y (from which the most probable value of y can be predicted for any value of x)
- self-esteema feeling of pride in yourself
- self-servinginterested only in yourself
- schizophreniaa psychotic disorder characterized by distortions of reality
- antipsychotictranquilizer used to treat psychotic conditions when a calming effect is desired
- psychological disordera psychological disorder of thought or emotion
- psychologicalmental or emotional as opposed to physical in nature
- lobotomysurgery on nerves to and from the frontal lobe of the brain
- natural selectiona process in which organisms evolve to adapt to environment
- amygdalaan almond-shaped neural structure in the anterior part of the temporal lobe of the cerebrum; intimately connected with the hypothalamus and the hippocampus and the cingulate gyrus; as part of the limbic system it plays an important role in motivation and emotional behavior
- memorythe cognitive process whereby past experience is remembered
- behaviorisman approach to psychology that emphasizes observable measurable behavior
- problem solvingthe thought processes involved in solving a problem
- psychopathologythe branch of psychology concerned with abnormal behavior
- abnormal psychologythe branch of psychology concerned with abnormal behavior
- animal psychologythe branch of psychology concerned with the behavior of animals
- applied psychologyany of several branches of psychology that seek to apply psychological principles to practical problems of education or industry or marketing etc.
- behavioristic psychologyan approach to psychology that emphasizes observable measurable behavior
- behaviourisman approach to psychology that emphasizes observable measurable behavior
- behaviouristic psychologyan approach to psychology that emphasizes observable measurable behavior
- child psychologythe branch of psychology that studies the social and mental development of children
- cognitive psychologyan approach to psychology that emphasizes internal mental processes
- comparative psychologythe branch of psychology concerned with the behavior of animals
- developmental psychologythe branch of psychology that studies the social and mental development of children
- differential psychologythe branch of psychology that studies measurable differences between individuals
- experimental psychologythe branch of psychology that uses experimental methods to study psychological issues
- genetic psychologythe branch of psychology that studies the social and mental development of children
- group dynamicsthe branch of social psychology that studies the psychodynamics of interaction in social groups
- industrial psychologyany of several branches of psychology that seek to apply psychological principles to practical problems of education or industry or marketing etc.
- psychodynamicsthe interrelation of conscious and unconscious processes and emotions that determine personality and motivation
- psycholinguisticsthe branch of cognitive psychology that studies the psychological basis of linguistic competence and performance
- psychometricsany branch of psychology concerned with psychological measurements
- psychometrikaany branch of psychology concerned with psychological measurements
- psychometryany branch of psychology concerned with psychological measurements
- psychonomicsthe branch of psychology that uses experimental methods to study psychological issues
- psychophysicsthe branch of psychology concerned with quantitative relations between physical stimuli and their psychological effects
- psychophysiologythe branch of psychology that is concerned with the physiological bases of psychological processes
- reflexologythe study of reflex action as it relates to the behavior of organisms
- social psychologythe branch of psychology that studies persons and their relationships with others and with groups and with society as a whole
- introverta person who tends to shrink from social contacts
- stressa state of mental or emotional strain or suspense
- delusionan erroneous belief held in the face of contrary evidence
- inhibitionthe conscious exclusion of unacceptable thoughts or desires
- reinforcementa stimulus that strengthens the behavior that produced it
- sublimationmaking the expression of an impulse socially acceptable
- suppressionthe conscious exclusion of unacceptable thoughts or desires
- abiencean urge to withdraw or avoid a situation or an object
- abnormal psychologythe branch of psychology concerned with abnormal behavior
- adiencean urge to accept or approach a situation or an object
- ambiversion(psychology) a balanced disposition intermediate between extroversion and introversion
- animathe inner self that is in touch with the unconscious
- animal psychologythe branch of psychology concerned with the behavior of animals
- applied psychologyany of several branches of psychology that seek to apply psychological principles to practical problems of education or industry or marketing etc.
- associationism(psychology) a theory that association is the basic principle of mental activity
- association theory(psychology) a theory that association is the basic principle of mental activity
- atomism(psychology) a theory that reduces all mental phenomena to simple elements (sensations and feelings) that form complex ideas by association
- behaviorthe aggregate of the responses made by an organism
- behaviorisman approach to psychology that emphasizes observable measurable behavior
- behavioristic psychologyan approach to psychology that emphasizes observable measurable behavior
- behaviourthe aggregate of the responses made by an organism
- behaviourisman approach to psychology that emphasizes observable measurable behavior
- behaviouristic psychologyan approach to psychology that emphasizes observable measurable behavior
- clinical psychologythe branch of psychology concerned with the treatment of abnormal mentation and behavior
- cliniciana practitioner (of medicine or psychology) who does clinical work instead of laboratory experiments
- cognitive operationthe performance of some composite cognitive activity
- cognitive processthe performance of some composite cognitive activity
- cognitive psychologyan approach to psychology that emphasizes internal mental processes
- cognitive sciencethe field of science concerned with cognition
- comparative psychologythe branch of psychology concerned with the behavior of animals
- configurationism(psychology) a theory of psychology that emphasizes the importance of configurational properties
- constancythe tendency to give rise to similar perceptual experiences
- department of psychologythe academic department responsible for teaching and research in psychology
- depth psychologya set of techniques for exploring underlying motives and a method of treating various mental disorders; based on the theories of Sigmund Freud
- developmental psychologythe branch of psychology that studies the social and mental development of children
- differential psychologythe branch of psychology that studies measurable differences between individuals
- double bindan unresolvable dilemma
- experimental psychologythe branch of psychology that uses experimental methods to study psychological issues
- experimenter bias(psychology) bias introduced by an experimenter whose expectations about the outcome of the experiment can be subtly communicated to the participants in the experiment
- extraversionan extroverted disposition
- extravert(psychology) a person concerned more with practical realities than with inner thoughts and feelings
- extroversionan extroverted disposition
- extroverta person directed toward others as opposed to the self
- Francis GaltonEnglish scientist (cousin of Charles Darwin) who explored many fields including heredity, meteorology, statistics, psychology, and anthropology; founder of eugenics and first to use fingerprints for identification (1822-1911)
- Freudian psychologythe psychological theories of Sigmund Freud
- functionalisma psychology based on the assumption that all mental process are useful to an organism in adapting to the environment
- G. Stanley HallUnited States child psychologist whose theories of child psychology strongly influenced educational psychology (1844-1924)
- GaltonEnglish scientist (cousin of Charles Darwin) who explored many fields including heredity, meteorology, statistics, psychology, and anthropology; founder of eugenics and first to use fingerprints for identification (1822-1911)
- generalisation(psychology) transfer of a response learned to one stimulus to a similar stimulus
- generalizationtransfer of a learned response to a similar stimulus
- genetic psychologythe branch of psychology that studies the social and mental development of children
- Gestalt law of organizationa principle of Gestalt psychology that identifies factors leading to particular forms of perceptual organization
- Gestalt principle of organizationa principle of Gestalt psychology that identifies factors leading to particular forms of perceptual organization
- Gestalt psychology(psychology) a theory of psychology that emphasizes the importance of configurational properties
- Granville Stanley HallUnited States child psychologist whose theories of child psychology strongly influenced educational psychology (1844-1924)
- group dynamicsthe branch of social psychology that studies the psychodynamics of interaction in social groups
- habitan automatic pattern of behavior in reaction to a situation
- HallUnited States child psychologist whose theories of child psychology strongly influenced educational psychology (1844-1924)
- imagea personal facade that one presents to the world
- industrial psychologyany of several branches of psychology that seek to apply psychological principles to practical problems of education or industry or marketing etc.
- Ingmar BergmanSwedish film director who used heavy symbolism and explored the psychology of the characters (born 1918)
- introjection(psychology) unconscious internalization of aspects of the world (especially aspects of persons) within the self in such a way that the internalized representation takes over the psychological functions of the external objects
- introversionan introverted disposition
- John Broadus WatsonUnited States psychologist considered the founder of behavioristic psychology (1878-1958)
- Jungian psychologythe psychological theories of Carl Jung
- law of effect(psychology) the principle that behaviors are selected by their consequences; behavior having good consequences tends to be repeated whereas behavior that leads to bad consequences is not repeated
- memorythe cognitive study of how past experience is remembered
- mental condition(psychology) a mental condition in which the qualities of a state are relatively constant even though the state itself may be dynamic
- mental processthe performance of some composite cognitive activity
- mental state(psychology) a mental condition in which the qualities of a state are relatively constant even though the state itself may be dynamic
- mental strain(psychology) nervousness resulting from mental stress
- nervous strain(psychology) nervousness resulting from mental stress
- neuropsychologythe branch of psychology that is concerned with the physiological bases of psychological processes
- operationthe performance of some composite cognitive activity
- perceptual constancy(psychology) the tendency for perceived objects to give rise to very similar perceptual experiences in spite of wide variations in the conditions of observation
- perseveraterepeat a response after cessation of the original stimulus
- personaa personal facade that one presents to the world
- physiological psychologythe branch of psychology that is concerned with the physiological bases of psychological processes
- presentationalof or relating to a presentation
- problem solvingthe area of cognitive psychology that studies the processes involved in solving problems
- processthe performance of some composite cognitive activity
- psychodynamicsthe branch of social psychology that deals with the processes and emotions that determine psychology and motivation
- psycholinguisticof or relating to the psychology of language
- psycholinguisticsthe branch of cognitive psychology that studies the psychological basis of linguistic competence and performance
- psychologicalof or relating to the science of mental life
- psychological condition(psychology) a mental condition in which the qualities of a state are relatively constant even though the state itself may be dynamic
- psychologicallywith regard to psychology
- psychologicallyin terms of psychology
- psychological state(psychology) a mental condition in which the qualities of a state are relatively constant even though the state itself may be dynamic
- psychologista specialist in the science of mental life
- psychologythe science of mental life
- psychology departmentthe academic department responsible for teaching and research in psychology
- psychometricsany branch of psychology concerned with psychological measurements
- psychometrikaany branch of psychology concerned with psychological measurements
- psychometryany branch of psychology concerned with psychological measurements
- psychonomicsthe branch of psychology that uses experimental methods to study psychological issues
- psychopathologythe branch of psychology concerned with abnormal behavior
- psychophysicsthe branch of psychology concerned with quantitative relations between physical stimuli and their psychological effects
- psychophysiologythe branch of psychology that is concerned with the physiological bases of psychological processes
- psychotic belief(psychology) an erroneous belief that is held in the face of evidence to the contrary
- readinessbeing temporarily ready to respond in a particular way
- rehearsala form of practice
- reinforcer(psychology) a stimulus that strengthens or weakens the behavior that produced it
- reinforcing stimulus(psychology) a stimulus that strengthens or weakens the behavior that produced it
- sensitisation(psychology) the process of becoming highly sensitive to specific events or situations (especially emotional events or situations)
- sensitizationthe process of becoming highly responsive to situations
- setbeing temporarily ready to respond in a particular way
- Sir Francis GaltonEnglish scientist (cousin of Charles Darwin) who explored many fields including heredity, meteorology, statistics, psychology, and anthropology; founder of eugenics and first to use fingerprints for identification (1822-1911)
- Skinnerianof or relating to B. F. Skinner or his behaviorist psychology
- social psychologythe branch of psychology that studies persons and their relationships with others and with groups and with society as a whole
- stimulus generalisation(psychology) transfer of a response learned to one stimulus to a similar stimulus
- stimulus generalization(psychology) transfer of a response learned to one stimulus to a similar stimulus
- strain(psychology) nervousness resulting from mental stress
- tensenessa state of mental or emotional strain or suspense
- tensiona state of mental or emotional strain or suspense
- unitisation(psychology) the configuration of smaller units of information into large coordinated units
- unitization(psychology) the configuration of smaller units of information into large coordinated units
- usean automatic pattern of behavior in reaction to a situation
- WatsonUnited States psychologist considered the founder of behavioristic psychology (1878-1958)
- cerebelluma major division of the vertebrate brain
- hypothalamusa basal part of the diencephalon governing autonomic nervous system
- cerebrumanterior portion of the brain consisting of two hemispheres
- pituitary glandthe master gland of the endocrine system
- arteria cerebellian artery that supplies the cerebellum
- arteria communicansany of three arteries in the brain that make up the circle of Willis
- basal ganglionany of several masses of subcortical grey matter at the base of each cerebral hemisphere that seem to be involved in the regulation of voluntary movement
- betweenbrainthe posterior division of the forebrain
- brain cella nerve cell in the brain
- brain stemthe part of the brain continuous with the spinal cord and comprising the medulla oblongata and pons and midbrain and parts of the hypothalamus
- brain-stemthe part of the brain continuous with the spinal cord and comprising the medulla oblongata and pons and midbrain and parts of the hypothalamus
- brainstemthe part of the brain continuous with the spinal cord and comprising the medulla oblongata and pons and midbrain and parts of the hypothalamus
- cerebellar arteryan artery that supplies the cerebellum
- cerebellar hemisphereeither of two lateral lobes of the cerebellum
- cerebral pedunclea bundle of myelinated neurons joining different parts of the brain
- cerebrospinal fluidclear liquid produced in the ventricles of the brain
- circle of Willisa ring of arteries at the base of the brain
- communicating arteryany of three arteries in the brain that make up the circle of Willis
- forebrainthe anterior portion of the brain
- hindbrainthe posterior portion of the brain including cerebellum and brainstem
- hypophysisthe master gland of the endocrine system
- inferior colliculusan essential auditory center in the midbrain
- infundibulumany of various funnel-shaped parts of the body
- interbrainthe posterior division of the forebrain
- locus nigera layer of deeply pigmented grey matter in the midbrain
- mamillary bodyone of two small round structures on the undersurface of the brain that form the terminals of the anterior arches of the fornix
- mammillary bodyone of two small round structures on the undersurface of the brain that form the terminals of the anterior arches of the fornix
- medulla oblongatalower or hindmost part of the brain
- mesencephalonthe middle portion of the brain
- midbrainthe middle portion of the brain
- myelencephalonthe posterior part of the hindbrain in developing vertebrates; forms the medulla oblongata in adults
- neencephalonthe part of the brain having the most recent phylogenetic origin; the cerebral cortex and related parts
- neoencephalonthe part of the brain having the most recent phylogenetic origin; the cerebral cortex and related parts
- nervus opticusthe cranial nerve that serves the retina
- nucleus nigera layer of deeply pigmented grey matter in the midbrain
- optic nervethe cranial nerve that serves the retina
- optic tractthe cranial nerve that serves the retina
- paleocerebellumthe anterior lobe of the cerebellum which was one of the earliest parts of the hindbrain to develop in mammals
- pineal eyea sensory structure capable of light reception located on the dorsal side of the diencephalon in various reptiles
- pituitary bodythe master gland of the endocrine system
- ponsa band of nerve fibers linking the medulla oblongata and the cerebellum with the midbrain
- pons Varoliia band of nerve fibers linking the medulla oblongata and the cerebellum with the midbrain
- prosencephalonthe anterior portion of the brain
- RASthe network in the reticular formation that serves an alerting or arousal function
- respiratory centerthe center in the medulla oblongata and pons that integrates sensory information about the level of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood and determines the signals to be sent to the respiratory muscles
- reticular activating systemthe network in the reticular formation that serves an alerting or arousal function
- reticular formationa complex neural network in the central core of the brainstem; monitors the state of the body and functions in such processes as arousal and sleep and attention and muscle tone
- RFa complex neural network in the central core of the brainstem; monitors the state of the body and functions in such processes as arousal and sleep and attention and muscle tone
- rhombencephalonthe posterior portion of the brain including cerebellum and brainstem
- second cranial nervethe cranial nerve that serves the retina
- spinal fluidclear liquid produced in the ventricles of the brain
- substantia nigraa layer of deeply pigmented grey matter in the midbrain
- superior colliculusan essential visual center between the retina and the striate cortex
- telencephalonthe anterior division of the forebrain
- thalamuslarge egg-shaped structures of grey matter that form the dorsal subdivision of the diencephalon
- third eyea sensory structure capable of light reception located on the dorsal side of the diencephalon in various reptiles
- thalmencephalonthe posterior division of the forebrain
- vermisthe narrow central part of the cerebellum between the two hemispheres
- vermis cerebellithe narrow central part of the cerebellum between the two hemispheres
- superegothat part of the unconscious mind that acts as a conscience
- identitythe characteristics by which a thing or person is known
- individualitythe quality of being a single thing or person
- identificationthe act of designating something
- personhoodbeing a person
- anal personality(psychoanalysis) a personality characterized by meticulous neatness and suspicion and reserve; said to be formed in early childhood by fixation during the anal stage of development (usually as a consequence of toilet training)
- anal retentive personality(psychoanalysis) a personality characterized by meticulous neatness and suspicion and reserve; said to be formed in early childhood by fixation during the anal stage of development (usually as a consequence of toilet training)
- gender identityyour identity as it is experienced with regard to your individuality as male or female; awareness normally begin in infancy and is reinforced during adolescence
- genital personality(psychoanalysis) the mature personality which is not dominated by infantile pleasure drives
- narcissistic personalitypersonality marked by self-love and self-absorption
- obsessive-compulsive personalitypersonality characterized by a strong need to repeat certain acts or rituals
- oral personality(psychoanalysis) a personality characterized either by generous optimism or aggressive and ambitious selfishness; formed in early childhood by fixation during the oral stage of development
- personablenessthe complex of attributes that make a person socially attractive
- personal identitythe distinct personality of an individual regarded as a persisting entity
- confederateunited in a league
- dispositionyour usual mood
- genderthe biological or cultural traits associated with one sex
- depressiona sunken or lowered geological formation
- psychologicalmental or emotional as opposed to physical in nature
- dazeconfusion characterized by lack of clarity
- trancea psychological state induced by a magical incantation
- nirvanathe beatitude that transcends the cycle of reincarnation
- euphoriaa feeling of great elation
- maniaan irrational but irresistible motive for a belief or action
- dysphoriaabnormal depression and discontent
- phobiaan anxiety disorder characterized by irrational fear
- anxietya vague unpleasant emotion in anticipation of a misfortune
- hysteriastate of violent mental agitation
- deja vuthe experience of thinking a new situation already occurred
- aphasiainability to use language because of a brain lesion
- amnesiapartial or total loss of memory
- dazeconfusion characterized by lack of clarity
- trancea psychological state induced by a magical incantation
- nirvanathe beatitude that transcends the cycle of reincarnation
- euphoriaa feeling of great elation
- maniaan irrational but irresistible motive for a belief or action
- dysphoriaabnormal depression and discontent
- phobiaan anxiety disorder characterized by irrational fear
- anxietya vague unpleasant emotion in anticipation of a misfortune
- hysteriastate of violent mental agitation
- deja vuthe experience of thinking a new situation already occurred
- aphasiainability to use language because of a brain lesion
- amnesiapartial or total loss of memory
- behaviourisman approach to psychology that emphasizes observable measurable behavior
- contemptlack of respect accompanied by a feeling of intense dislike
- fearan emotion in anticipation of some specific pain or danger
- angerthe state of being very annoyed
- sadnessthe state of experiencing sorrow
- joythe emotion of great happiness
- stressspecial emphasis attached to something
- processa particular course of action intended to achieve a result
- psychologythe science of mental life
- introverta person who tends to shrink from social contacts
- heuristica commonsense rule to help solve some problem
- altruismthe quality of unselfish concern for the welfare of others
- zygotethe cell from the union of a haploid spermatozoon and ovum
- adoptionproceeding creating a parent-child relation between persons
- fraternallike or characteristic of or befitting a brother
- pathologicalrelating to the study of diseases
- pathologythe branch of medical science that studies diseases
- temperamentyour usual mood
- hereditythe transmission of genetic factors to the next generation
- polarizationhaving a relation between two opposite attributes
- traita distinguishing feature of your personal nature
- iona particle that is electrically charged positive or negative
- impermeablepreventing especially liquids to pass or diffuse through
- homeostasismetabolic equilibrium maintained by biological mechanisms
- volitionalwith deliberate intention
- somaticcharacteristic of the body as opposed to the mind or spirit
- lesionany localized abnormal structural change in a bodily part
- parasympatheticof or relating to the parasympathetic nervous system
- olfactoryof or relating to the sense of smell
- aphasiainability to use language because of a brain lesion
- gustatoryof or relating to the sense of taste
- agnosiainability to recognize objects by use of the senses
- transductionthe process whereby a transducer accepts energy in one form and gives back related energy in a different form
- proprioceptionthe ability to sense the position and location and orientation and movement of the body and its parts
- gustationthe faculty of distinguishing sweet, sour, bitter, and salty properties in the mouth
- cochlearof or relating to the cochlea of the ear
- gustatoryof or relating to the sense of taste
- vestibularrelating to the sense of equilibrium
- photochemicalof or relating to or produced by the effects of light on chemical systems
- operanthaving influence or producing an effect
- vicariousexperienced at secondhand
- stimulusany information or event that acts to arouse action
- parsimoniousexcessively unwilling to spend
- contagionan incident in which an infectious disease is transmitted
- nomotheticrelating to or involving the search for abstract universal principles
- idiographicrelating to or involving the study of individuals
- parsimonyextreme stinginess
- synonyma word that expresses the same or similar meaning
- androgynoushaving both male and female characteristics
- masculineassociated with men and not with women
- feminineassociated with women and not with men
- necrophiliaan irresistible sexual attraction to dead bodies
- holisticemphasizing the organic relation between parts and the whole
- ambivalentuncertain or unable to decide about what course to follow
- introspectioncontemplation of your own thoughts and desires and conduct
- metricbased on a decimal unit of measurement
- taxonomya classification of organisms based on similarities
- epistemologythe philosophical theory of knowledge
- empiricism
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